Chosen Solution

Hi guys, I want to upgrade my MacBook Pro 13” Mid 2012 by replacing the original HDD with a Crucial BX500 SSD. Using recovery mode and a USB to SATA cable I initialized my SSD (APFS) externally. I then installed Mac OS X Mojave and continued like a new device. With Migration Assistant I moved all the things back to SSD and I selected it like the starting disk I want to use. I shut down the Mac and I replace the HDD with SSD but when I try to turn it on the disk is unreadable. In recovery mode the disk is back to MBR (Master Boot Record) and it’s empty. What’s the problem? How can I fix it? Update (07/02/2019)

This is my cable, I don’t read any other number The apn code is 821-1480A

Did you change and protect the cable? Some of the 2012’s use the known bad 2011 cable, which are NOT RATED for SATA III. The problem is the board is SATA III capable, but not the cable. You end up with these errors since the cable isn’t able to do it, but the machine insists on using SATA III due to the board. In other cases, you have a Fixed SATA III drive and the legacy modes aren’t there so you get errors AND forced SATA III speeds which cause the problem to be worse. According to @danj when I was told to check mine as I had to change it since I own a 2011. The part number is APN: 923-0104. You will need to replace the hard drive cable with a later production one that can handle SATA III drives, and pad the machine (and cable) to prevent it from failing on you again as easily. Refer to these photos: My patch (supplements the @mayer fix):

The patch @mayer uses: